GPG

Install

macOS

brew install gpg2

Other

Download Link: Gnupg

產生金鑰

> gpg --full-generate-key

請選擇你要使用的金鑰種類：
   (1) RSA 和 RSA (預設)
   (2) DSA 和 Elgamal
   (3) DSA (僅能用於簽署)
   (4) RSA (僅能用於簽署)
你要選哪一個？1

# 建議 4096 位元
RSA 金鑰的長度可能介於 1024 位元和 4096 位元之間。
你想要用多大的金鑰尺寸？(2048) 4096
你所要求的金鑰尺寸是 4096 位元

請指定這把金鑰的有效期限是多久。
         0 = 金鑰不會過期
      <n>  = 金鑰在 n 天後會到期
      <n>w = 金鑰在 n 週後會到期
      <n>m = 金鑰在 n 月後會到期
      <n>y = 金鑰在 n 年後會到期
金鑰的有效期限是多久？(0) 0
金鑰完全不會過期

# 確認
GnuPG 需要建構使用者 ID 以識別你的金鑰。

真實姓名：<Name>
電子郵件地址：<Email>
註釋：
你選擇了這個使用者 ID:
    "<Name> <<Email>>"

變更姓名 (N), 註釋 (C), 電子郵件地址 (E) 或確定 (O)/退出 (Q)? O

產生完成

sec   rsa4096 2020-01-09 [SC]
      A7935E31448D6D55E6A90F31DF7D85F066F4FC1D
uid           [ultimate] Wilber_chen (GSS) <[email protected]>
ssb   rsa4096 2020-01-09 [E]

GPG Keys 的 Fingerprint (指紋) A7935E31448D6D55E6A90F31DF7D85F066F4FC1D

提交到 Github/GitLab

取得 GPG key ID: DF7D85F066F4FC1D

GPG Fingerprint: A7935E31448D6D55E6A90F31DF7D85F066F4FC1D

> gpg --list-secret-keys --keyid-format LONG

/Users/weiting/.gnupg/pubring.kbx
---------------------------------
sec   rsa4096/DF7D85F066F4FC1D 2020-01-09 [SC]
      A7935E31448D6D55E6A90F31DF7D85F066F4FC1D
uid                 [ultimate] Wilber_chen (GSS) <[email protected]>
ssb   rsa4096/C13513872FF9040D 2020-01-09 [E]

產生 public key

> gpg --armor --export <Fingerprint>

-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

mQINBF4W0NYBEADMFKfGy7ln1q13bfkF9dcSIV3gCQFuvTkqknt1Vrz/fyYlAbUX
l+iEv7WEq8S9VBTj6AtRsspodZtXyRWuW3oreqWeSMt/9e9JYdioQVaRD2lw867+
98x7Pz3EWPlKmBExaUqK35XWokpsn6ErpakSYohG2WfhaH9QZTT1OKysT4ijI3g
....
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

提交包含簽署的 Commit

# 僅限此倉庫
> git config user.signingkey DF7D85F066F4FC1D

# 全域設定
> git config --global user.signingkey DF7D85F066F4FC1D

在 commit 時加上 -S

> git commit -S -m "Add xxx.txt"

預設加上 -S

# 僅限此倉庫
> git config commit.gpgsign true

# 全域設定
> git config --global commit.gpgsign true

故障排除

如果在下 git commit 後出現這個錯誤：

error: gpg failed to sign the data
fatal: failed to write commit object

請嘗試以下兩種解法

解法一

請執行 echo "test" | gpg --clearsign 檢查看看是 git 的問題還是 gpg 的問題。

如果可以執行正常，請檢查 git 設定是否正確，否之如果出現這個錯誤：

gpg: 簽署時失敗：Inappropriate ioctl for device
gpg: [stdin]: clear-sign failed: Inappropriate ioctl for device

請將 export GPG_TTY=$(tty) 加到你的 .bashrc 或 .zshrc，之後重啟終端機或執行重讀指令 . ~/.zshrc or . ~/.bashrc

再執行一次 echo "test" | gpg --clearsign 看看是成功執行。

解法二

安裝 pinentry-mac

> brew install pinentry-mac

# 將以下設定新增至 ~/.gnupg/gpg.conf
no-tty

# 以下設定新增至 ~/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf
pinentry-program /usr/local/bin/pinentry-mac

# 清除背景執行的 gpg-agent
> killall gpg-agent

# 執行看看是成功執行。
> echo "test" | gpg --clearsign

如果出現 No such file or directory

error: cannot run gpg: No such file or directory

error: could not run gpg.

fatal: failed to write commit object (128)

執行下列

# mac
> git config --global gpg.program $(which gpg)

# windows
> git config --global gpg.program "C:/Program Files (x86)/GNU/GnuPG/gpg2.exe" 

# GitHub got back to me and said that some users also need to use:
> echo "no-tty" >> ~/.gnupg/gpg.conf

找出 `gpg-agent.conf` 設定檔的所在路徑

gpg --version

C:\>gpg --version
gpg (GnuPG) 2.2.23
libgcrypt 1.8.6
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

Home: C:/Users/user/AppData/Roaming/gnupg
Supported algorithms:
Pubkey: RSA, ELG, DSA, ECDH, ECDSA, EDDSA
Cipher: IDEA, 3DES, CAST5, BLOWFISH, AES, AES192, AES256, TWOFISH,
        CAMELLIA128, CAMELLIA192, CAMELLIA256
Hash: SHA1, RIPEMD160, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512, SHA224
Compression: Uncompressed, ZIP, ZLIB, BZIP2

$ gpg --version
gpg (GnuPG) 2.2.20
libgcrypt 1.8.6
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

Home: /home/will/.gnupg
Supported algorithms:
Pubkey: RSA, ELG, DSA, ECDH, ECDSA, EDDSA
Cipher: IDEA, 3DES, CAST5, BLOWFISH, AES, AES192, AES256, TWOFISH,
        CAMELLIA128, CAMELLIA192, CAMELLIA256
Hash: SHA1, RIPEMD160, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512, SHA224
Compression: Uncompressed, ZIP, ZLIB, BZIP2

從上述版本資訊可以看到一個 Home: 欄位，這裡指出 gpg-agent.conf 設定檔的所在路徑！

常見的 `gpg-agent.conf` 設定檔路徑，若沒有出現可自行增加

%AppData%\gnupg\gpg-agent.conf

調整 `gpg-agent` 快取時間

延長快取時間的 gpg-agent.conf 設定內容範例 單位：秒 (Seconds)

# 設定 24 小時內自動密碼快取失效，如果期間有存取過快取，會重置快取時間，
# 自動延長到期時間到當下加上 24 小時。
# 預設值: 600(10分鐘)
default-cache-ttl 86400
# 設定 7 天，代表快取到第七天之後，無論如何都需要再次輸入密碼。
# 預設值:7200(2小時)
max-cache-ttl 604800

重新載入 gpg-agent.conf 設定

gpgconf --reload gpg-agent

查詢目前 gpg-agent.conf 設定

gpgconf --list-options gpg-agent

Monitor:1:0:Options controlling the diagnostic output:0:0::::
verbose:12:0:verbose:0:0::::
quiet:8:0:be somewhat more quiet:0:0::::
Configuration:1:0:Options controlling the configuration:0:0::::
disable-scdaemon:8:1:do not use the SCdaemon:0:0::::
enable-ssh-support:0:0:enable ssh support:0:0::::
ssh-fingerprint-digest:24:2:use ALGO to show ssh fingerprints:1:1:ALGO:"md5::
enable-putty-support:0:0:enable putty support:0:0::::
Debug:1:1:Options useful for debugging:0:0::::
debug-level:26:1:set the debugging level to LEVEL:1:1:LEVEL:"none::
log-file:8:1:write server mode logs to FILE:32:1:FILE:::
Security:1:0:Options controlling the security:0:0::::
default-cache-ttl:24:0:expire cached PINs after N seconds:3:3:N:600::86400
default-cache-ttl-ssh:24:1:expire SSH keys after N seconds:3:3:N:1800::
max-cache-ttl:24:2:set maximum PIN cache lifetime to N seconds:3:3:N:7200::604800
max-cache-ttl-ssh:24:2:set maximum SSH key lifetime to N seconds:3:3:N:7200::
ignore-cache-for-signing:8:0:do not use the PIN cache when signing:0:0::::
allow-emacs-pinentry:8:1:allow passphrase to be prompted through Emacs:0:0::::
grab:8:2::0:0::::
no-allow-external-cache:8:0:disallow the use of an external password cache:0:0::::
no-allow-mark-trusted:8:1:disallow clients to mark keys as "trusted":0:0::::
no-allow-loopback-pinentry:8:2:disallow caller to override the pinentry:0:0::::
Passphrase policy:1:1:Options enforcing a passphrase policy:0:0::::
enforce-passphrase-constraints:8:2:do not allow bypassing the passphrase policy:0:0::::
min-passphrase-len:24:1:set minimal required length for new passphrases to N:3:3:N:8::
min-passphrase-nonalpha:24:2:require at least N non-alpha characters for a new passphrase:3:3:N:1::
check-passphrase-pattern:24:2:check new passphrases against pattern in FILE:32:1:FILE:::
max-passphrase-days:24:2:expire the passphrase after N days:3:3:N:0::
enable-passphrase-history:8:2:do not allow the reuse of old passphrases:0:0::::
pinentry-timeout:24:1:set the Pinentry timeout to N seconds:3:3:N:0::

關閉 `gpg-agent` 背景程式

gpgconf --kill gpg-agent

GPG Mail

官方為版本買斷制定價
使用 Free-GPGMail 來取代

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Last updated 2 years ago